Lesson Plan - Chapter 2

Here are my teaching notes for Chapter 2: Biological Foundations

Lesson Plan-Chapter 2: Biological Foundations

CCSS 2: Reading: Determine central ideas or themes of a text and analyze their development; summarize the key supporting details and ideas.

11-12: Informational Text: Determine two or more central ideas of a text and analyze their development over the course of the text, including how they interact and build on one another to provide a complex analysis; provide an objective summary of the text.

2.3: Describe how physical functioning changes during puberty and contrast physical functioning in adolescence and emerging adulthood.

Teacher Notes and Nearpod:

DURING PUBERTY

-Draw/list what comes to mind: Puberty

-After proceeding at an even pace since early childhood, growth suddenly surges when puberty arrives

-One of the earliest signs of puberty for both girls and boys is the adolescent growth spurt

-The extremities (feet, hands and head) are the first to hit the growth spurt, followed by the arms and the legs

Who remembers when they experienced their growth spurt? How did you feel during that time?àTurn and talk with neighbor, then whip!

-Present diagram on page 37—Figure 2.4 to show the typical rate of growth in height from birth through age 19, including the adolescent growth spurt

-Girls mature about 2 years ahead of boys

-Girls become taller on average for about 2 years in early adolescence, from ages 11-13, the 2 years when they have hit their growth spurt but boys have not

Any recollection…? à Turn and talk with neighbor, then whip!

-In addition to the growth spurt, a spurt in muscle growth occurs during puberty, primarily because of the increase in testosterone

-That is why boys show a greater increase in muscle growth than girls

-Levels of body fat also surge during puberty, but body fat increases more for girls than for boys

-In both boys and girls, the heart becomes larger during puberty, as well as lung size

-These sex differences in physical growth and functioning result in sex differences in strength and athletic ability during adolescence and beyond

-Before puberty, boys and girls are at equal strength, however, during puberty, boys overtake girls

Obesity is a major issue that many young boys and girls deal with, especially in today’s day and age. Talk to your table about your knowledge of this issue and what factors have led to an increase in obesity among young children.

**Show video and have them comment on it**

EMERGING ADULTHOOD

-Although most people reach their maximum height by the end of adolescence, emerging adulthood is the time of peak physical functioning.

-A measure of physical stamina called maximum oxygen uptake, or VO2 max, which reflects the ability of the body to take in oxygen and transport it to various organs, also peaks in the early 20s.

-Cardiac output, the quantity of blood flow from the heart peaks at age 25

-Reaction time is also faster in the 20s, followed by a steady decline

-all together, for most people, emerging adulthood is the time of life when people are at their peak for health and strength

-Emerging adulthood is also the period of the life span with the least susceptibility to physical illnesses

-Immune system is at its most effective

What factors of emerging adults’ lifestyles do you think may undermine their health? Back up your thoughts with examples from your life. àTurn and talk with neighbor, then a few share!

***Make a compare and contrast chart in order to describe the contrast in physical functioning in adolescence and emerging adulthood ***

2.5: Explain how culture influences the timing of puberty.

Nearpod:

-Whatever their culture, all humans go through the physical and biological changes of puberty

-Culture’s effects are profound

-In general, puberty begins earlier in cultures where good nutrition and medical care are widely available

-Additionally, over the years, there has been convincing evidence that technology has had an impact on the timing of puberty. Some historical records show a steady decrease in the average age of menarche in Western countries over the past 150 years

-This kind of change is called a secular trend

-Present graph on page 45—Figure 2.8 to show impact of technology on timing of puberty in Western countries

-Menarche is not a perfect indicator of the initiation of puberty, however it is a reasonably good indicator of when other events have begun

Do you think the average age of menarche is lowest or highest in developed countries? Why do you think that? àTurn and talk with neighbor, then whip! (Lowest in developed countries because adequacy of nutrition and medical care is highest)

-Studies also show that within countries, adolescent girls from affluent families tend to menstruate earlier than girls from poorer families, in places as diverse as Hong Kong, Tunisia, Iraq, South Africa, and the United States

-Studies also show that girls who participate in activities in which there is a great deal of pressure to keep down their weight experience later menarche because the body responds to their low weight as a nutritional deficiency and delays menarche

***Generate an organizer that outlines and explains how culture influences the timing of puberty***

***EXIT SLIP***à Jot down a list of 10 facts you learned today related to the biological foundations of Adolescent Development to be handed in.